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File consists of a recording of Dr. Allie Vibert Douglas. Topics of the conversation include concern as Queen's Dean of Women (1939) that women students should contribute to WWII: establishment of Red Cross workroom, production of quilts for underground shelters and hospitals, Britain. Mandatory two hours' war work per student weekly: option of Red Cross workroom, canteen work, or military visiting duties, 'anything that made a more useful citizen'. Compulsory lectures, preparing students for possible sabotage emergencies; option of evening courses at KCVI, developing able wartime citizenship. Compulsory St. John's Ambulance first aid course in first term, home nursing in final term; generous participation of doctors, Kingston General Hospital staff; end-of-year examinations (compulsory repetition in case of failure). Head of Phys. Ed. Miss Ross' valuable course in basic drill, leading to enlistment of many female students in army, air force, navy (e.g. Mrs. Fred Gibson). Soccer practice of Commonwealth air trainees on Queen's lower campus: 'it was lovely to see them'. Mrs. Grace Miller's knowledge (as math student at Queen's prior to WWI) of subject (by name) as math student at McGill: notoriety of Canadian women math students due to scarcity. Three undergraduate years at McGill, four years in London (c. WWI). Astonishment after Queen's appointment (1939) that 'women were really hardly regarded as full members of the university'; universal disaster was required to open Medical School to women at McGill (WWI), Queen's (WWII). Subject's written recommendation that Queen's Med School be opened to women; Principal Wallace's rationalization of continued discrimination; pressure applied by wartime government, badly in need of qualified doctors. Limited admission of selected female Med. students midway through WWII. Exclusive male societies on Queen's campus (Philosophy, Political Science); subject's protest of Principal Wallace's customary absence at women's Levana Society graduating dinner, soon rectified. Teas held by subject (as Department of Immigration representative at Queen's) for overseas students (mostly men), limited by rationing, tight university budget; problem of racially prejudiced Kingston landladies, efforts of Mr. Dewar hunting out welcoming accommodations. Proposal of Overseas Club by Jamaican student; donation by public-spirited Service Club man of former home of Physics Professor Harry Harkness (sponsor of Chinese students; high proportion of Chinese in original Overseas programme at Queen's) as first International Students' Centre. Memberships in international organizations: International Federation of University Women (since 1920); International Union of Astronomers; International Union for History and Philosophy of Science. Appointment as IFUW president (1947). Overseas conference participation twice yearly; thoughtful solicitation of chocolate bars from Queen's students, distributed at post-war sugar-starved European conferences; similar distribution of toilet soap at University Service-run recuperation camps (Zurich vicinity) for deported students of occupied countries, who had caught tuberculosis while serving at hard labour. Opportunity to share conference experiences with Queen's students, to impart new discoveries to astronomy students before textbooks could publish them. Honorary degree from University of Queensland, awarded alongside Mlle Jeanne Chaton (heroic underground figure in World Wars I and II). Desperate difficulty securing accommodation in Czechoslovakia prior to 1967 Astronomical Conference (rejection of foreigners by hotel managements unless recommended by Tourist Bureau); lovely experience walking in mountains, 'you felt so safe'. VIP treatment of delegates to Moscow conference of International Union of Astronomers; tour of great Soviet observatories (Leningrad, Crimea, Georgia: Armenian observatory of Dr. V.A. Ambartsumyan). Queen's Ellis Hall observatory, used for student training, public education; potential for modest research programme in photoelectric photometry. Work at Cambridge, England (1921-3) under Lord Ernest Rutherford, Sir Arthur Eddington. Subject's biography of Eddington (pubIished 1956): encouragement from fellow astronomical delegates, rejection by Cambridge University Press as too great a financial risk, acceptance by Nelson's Edinburgh.//lnternational expansion of IFUW: founding in 1918 by 'two outstanding women', Professor Caroline Spurgeon (London University), Dean Virginia Gildersleeve; Canada as third entrant; acquisition of nearly all Western European countries; loss of several nations to USSR following WWII. African memberships in IFUW; Makerere University conference; IFUW work encouraging discriminatory Muslim countries to open higher education to women. Grenoble IUA conference. Realization at Cambridge of personal unsuitability for experimental physics, ideal suitability for astrophysics. Subject's introduction of Astrophysics at McGill University; enlargement of Queen's undergraduate astrophysics programme, introduction of graduate-level programme. Full schedule as combined Dean of Women and Astrophysics lecturer, especially heavy during WWII; disapproval of male 'raids' on women's residences as form of 'bullying', dealings with male students; criticism of University Administration for not taking measures to protect women students from nervous strain. Student accommodation difficulties following WWII: 'great rush' of OVA students back to campus; 'marvellous time' had by mature female students (packed like sardines into newly rented residence house); enthusiastic leadership of Warden Evelyn Macleod. Alterations made for residential purposes to wooden Army huts at St. Mary's-of-the-Lake Hospital; Principal Wallace's anxiety that smoking in residence be prohibited to mature female students, despite permission to male students; subject's refusal to administer a sexist prohibition so absurdly illogical.

File consists of a recording of Edith Ferguson. Topics of the conversation include application for highschool teaching positions,1932-41; unhappy employment at lower salary in public schools. Teaching career seen in rural Ontario childhood as least of three possible evils (nursing, stenography); decision to quit and enter social work (inspired by women professionals' programme of talks to women students, arranged by Queen's Dean of Women Hilda Laird). Attendance at School of Social Work, Univ. of Toronto; temporary employment in Hamilton community centre. 'Bitty' employment, Toronto, 1938-41 (supply-teaching, clerical work, reading to blind person); job-hunting, extensive reading. Employment in munitions plant (1941-43) as personnel interviewer, as factory worker till contraction of dermatitis (occupational hazard). YMCA employment as assistant organiser, armed services recreation programmes; transfer to Scotland; details of services. Application, eager for adventure, to United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration programme (London); clerical posting to British Zone, Germany, duties as welfare officer in displaced persons camps. Poor housing in camps; multinational population, administration; multilingual atmosphere; social life and travel commitments of administrators. Return to Canada, 1947; two months' residence with mother; undesirable, uneconomical employment as caseworker, Toronto Children's Aid Society. Transfer to Columbia Univ. for MA in Adult Education; completion of degree by two summers' fulltime study, one-year's part­ time coursework combined with overload of menial employment (I don't think I've ever worked so hard before or since'). Return to Canada, renewed unemployment, residence with mother; cornering of community organisation and adult education jobs, seen as new fields in Canada, by men; postwar job priority accorded to men. Seasonal employment with Ontario Farm Radio Forum; summer employment with Canadian Association for Adult Education; temporary employment with Canadian Citizenship Council, as Canadian immigration counsellor in International Refugee Organisation camps, Germany. Improvement in camp conditions since previous employment. Employment as assistant to Director, Windsor Social Planning Council, 1952-60; enjoyment of community service committee activities (housing, mental health, immigration, unemployment), widespread conference participation. //Resignation from WSPC; recognition of personal restlessness, disinclination to stagnate, tendency to succession of short-term jobs combined with assiduous job-hunting. One-year employment as Director of community centre for established 'Black' community and newcomer West Indians (Toronto), problems integrating downtrodden 'Blacks' with self-confident West Indians. Fifteen-month stint as committee worker on Metropolitan Toronto Social Planning Council; pursuit of interest in immigration, despite expectation of remaining with SPC till retirement. Previous inability to find work in self-acknowledged field of immigration because of Canadian lack of understanding of immigrant problems, consequent lack of services. Sacrifice of job security for two-year appointment as special project supervisor, International Institute of Metropolitan Toronto; challenge of reorienting post-WWII immigrant services to accommodate new wave of Mediterranean rural immigrants. Widely publicized report Newcomers in Transition, leading to second two-year project (male-oriented) to convert unskilled immigrant people into semi-skilled workers; summary report Newcomers and New Learning. Two years' work with eight temporary employers: YMCA national headquarters, St. Christopher House (settlement house), Canadian Council on Social Development, Canadian Association of Social Workers, Toronto City Planning Dept., Cradleship Crèche day-nursery, Board of Education truancy department, Royal Commission on Status of Women. Brief return to Metropolitan Toronto Social Planning Council; five months' temporary survey work with Dept. of Manpower and Immigration. Critical report Immigrant Integration (directed at Ontario government), prepared for independent Ontario Economic Council; subject's pride in extra funds allotted to provincial immigration dept. as result of her recommendations. Employment since 1971: preparation of handbook for immigrants (Ministry of Community and Social Services); report on migrants, People on the Move (Canadian Council on Social Development); task force survey, Secretary of State dept.; seasonal employment, Ministry of Culture and Recreation; as organiser of intercultural seminars in ten Toronto cultural neighbourhoods, helping community workers and immigrants to understand each other; preparing publications for Guidance Section, Faculty of Education, Univ. of Toronto. Subject's 'outstanding woman' award, Province of Ontario (International Women's Year), election to Order of Canada. Precariousness, financial uncertainty of subject's career; motto 'I'd rather be dead than be bored', readiness to quit work which proved unsatisfactory. Mushrooming of immigration services in subject's time; dismay at lack of interest shown in beginning stages, social workers' insensitivity to immigrant problems. Smooth sailing of subject's career following Toronto professional recognition. Quebec separatist issue seen in light of larger multiculturalism issue; Canada as a country still in process of building, assimilating. Changes in Canadian social life since Depression era: self-reliance, resourcefulness of earlier social gatherings (subject's organ accompaniment to brother's fiddle numbers at Depression barn dances); greater sociabiIity, inexpensive fun, 'just plain visiting' of recently bygone Canadian era.

File consists of a recording of Frances Gibbs. Topics of the conversation include forty-year association with Queen's Registrar's Office; Position as clerk in 5-person office, 1924. Death of Registrar Alice King. Pleasant though strictly supervised work under Dr. McNeill: no talking or coffee-breaks. Witty, outspoken characters of Charlotte and Kay Whitton. Subject's background: early death of parents; beloved aunt working with VON; secretarial course at KCVI; support of sister through nursing programme, Ottawa Civic Hospital. Sister's experience with VON in poor section of Ottawa, early position as sole stenographer for Carruthers, Fleming Hall professors. Pre-residence boarding house system for Queen's students, restricted to 'the right side of the tracks'. Hen Coop residence. Mother's boarding house for women only. Estimate of young men of the past as more appreciative, 'home-like'; female practice of taking in male boarders for daughters to marry. Subject's annual evaluation of boarding houses for Queen's students. Family connections with Army. Kingston during WWII; organisation of children's lunch facilities. Subject's opinion that women should work in the home; experience as married cook for 14 BC lumbermen. Friendship with Lorne Greene. Stuart Webster. May Chown. Miriam of Queen's. Responsibility for safety of Queen's early exam papers, printed by Jackson Press. Gap in Queen's career, 1945-58. Work presiding at examinations (some in hospital); reading exams aloud to blind student. Lawrence J. Wilson, entertainer extraordinaire; former Queen's University parades; student raids on the Grand Opera House. Amusement tax during WWI.

File consists of a recording of Margaret Gibson. Topics of the conversation include family tradition of attendance at Queen's: expectation it would enlarge one's life. Enlistment with Women's Royal Canadian Naval Service (Wrens) in sophomore year, employment in Gunnery training Centre, training crews for target warfare. Family motivation for enlisting; Queen's as a gay, 'sheltered bubble' during wartime; consciousness of war through lack of intercollegiate sports, COTC participation; popular assumption that war would be longlasting, students most useful as trained graduates. Cold reception of first women members by male-oriented Gunnery, gradual acceptance of women's usefulness in releasing men for active duty. Lack of apparent feminist movement on campus: sense of social privilege, broad opportunity, in attending university; acceptance of protected sexual position, unthreatened by later social phenomena of widespread divorce, single motherhood; understanding that men gave more (e.g. their lives at war), paid more (on dates, etc.) without challenging motives for giving, paying. Subject's present support for women's movement objectives. Women careerists (in senior civil service, advertising) among mother's peers, Queen's Class of 1914. Women's limited appetite for unusual careers (1940s), hence limited sense of suppression; enjoyment of expanded career opportunities later, after raising children. Subject's easy entrance into naval work, journalism; feminist resentment as a symptom of the 1950s not 1940s. Elimination of some social problems by postwar rise in standard of living; benefits of unanticipated social welfare programme (comparative hardships, social cruelties of 1930s); optimistic earnest idealism of returning veteran population (no sense of 'society owes us a living'). Student obsession (1950s) with financial security, job particulars. Crinoline cupboards in women's residences. Immediate post-graduate employment as staff writer, women's department, Ottawa Citizen; coverage of thousands of summer weddings in popularity competition with Ottawa Journal. Employment as assistant to Press Attache, Netherlands Embassy, Ottawa; postwar importation of Dutch farmers: 'tulip time in Holland' films for homesick immigrants; grand reception for Prince Bernhardt and Queen Juliana (Dutch farmers pouring into Ottawa clad in farm clothes); Dutch cordiality towards Canadian liberators ('every Dutch girl wants to marry a Canadian soldier'). Employment with Canadian Homes and Gardens magazine, Toronto Globe and Mail newspaper (women's department); 'ingrown' atmosphere of magazine office, preference for newspaper pace, department autonomy. Marriage to Queen's professor, 1953.// lmpossibility of continuing non-unionized career alongside marriage; journalistic freedom of non-union Globe and Mail compared with unionized Toronto Star; long, uncertain hours for standard low pay, 'you didn't do it for the money'. Financial motivations of working women; criticism of working mothers' self-justification of providing 'quality rather than quantity' care for their children. Dangers for working women of economic recession (reduced salaries, loss of jobs, discriminatory hiring policies). Guess that women have 'slipped back' in some ways; entrance of men into traditional women's fields, women into men's; expectation that economy, relative status of sexes, will all level out. Belief in existence of masculine and feminine character traits shared by both sexes; in partly inherent, partly conditioned feminine faith in intuition, masculine faith in rational decision-making. Attempts to come to terms with feminism, having 'predated' it: 'the anger that you sense directed at men is disturbing if you were brought up at a time when you really didn't feel angry at men'. Desirability of freedom of role choice; existence of traditional roles as the result of conditioning. Role of time-limitations, contingencies, natural dictations of choice, in ordering one's life: 'women have sometimes tried to do too much'. Curious sensation of younger generation's interest in objects and styles out of subject's past. Student unrest during 1960s: disappointment of watching student rebels turn into establishment businessmen; Queen's good fortune in strong traditions of student government, small size, good communication; sufferings of idealistic students over movement's quiet death, 'it didn't carry through' for them. Queen's student feminist awareness (1970s). Feminist issues as but one area of current concern: subject's distress over other issues (circumstances not having prompted her to feminist complaint); children's educated concern for Canadian problem of national unity.

File consists of a recording of Lin Good. Topics of the conversation include findings of Principal's Committee on Status of Women at Queen's; subject as Chairman, 1973-74. Declining percentage of female enrolment in certain programmes, eclipsed by increase in mass enrolment; ignorance of women's motivations for study, choice of field; female drop-out syndrome. Queen's early, innovative interest in study of women's status on campus. Historical, economic perspectives on North American women: effect of affluence on roles, inhibitions. Subject's Lancashire background; identification with war­ time industrial working women. Removal to Canada; impression of female domesticity. Middle-class female circumscription as reaction against frontier woman's com­ prehensive labour. Exceptional ability of Jean Royce as registrar. Liberating force of subject's mother; voluntary nature of family bonds. Subject's work with Ontario Status of Women Council; 'About Face', pamphlet restoring, promoting positive image of housewife. Freedom of role choice for women. University as necessary stimulus for housewives, students 'as people'; recent limiting conception as career-training institute. Dread of current demand-supply pressures on universities. Abuse of unemployment statistics to discourage married women from paid work. Income disparity between sexes; belief in payment for work done, not according to need. Equality of opportunity at Queen's: report of Principal's Committee on Status of Women at Queen's; recent committee chaired by Marie Surridge. Subject's disagreement with quota hiring system; preference for encouraging women academics' tenacity, confidence, visibility. Experiences, education, as city alderman; political opportunities for women. Importance for women of male support; subject's early encouragement from lifelong male friend.

File consists of a recording of Herbert Hamilton.

File consists of a recording of Pauline Jewett. Topics of the conversation include TAPE ONE Introduction to subject, interviewers Susan Jackson, Evelyn Reid (current Dean of Women at Queen's); respective terms of office, vacations. Inspiration for Queen's Oral History Project. Subject's initiation of 'Distinguished Scholars' taped-interview project, as Director of Institute for Canadian Studies, Carleton University; Institute of Canadian Studies cross-disciplinary MA programme as exceptional learning experience. Regional differences in Canada: subject's early Ottawa-Toronto outlook on national issues, not broadened till Carleton experience, move to British Columbia. BC's powerlessness to act independently of eastern economy; provincial desire to share in self-government, not to separate; multi-regional conferences as one solution to national difficulties. Psychology Prof. Marilyn Bowman. Simon Fraser University year-round trimester system. Feelings as first woman president of Canadian university: pressure of high expectations, constant display; interest in administrative work as opportunity to push good policies; dislike of detailed administrative dogwork, suspicion that women, through role-conditioning, tend to think in policy terms. SFU installation address, 'The Things I Want to Do', outlining major goals, policies: to rectify injustices leading to Canadian Association of University Teachers censure of SFU; to establish a majority of faculty with strong Canadian background (facilitated by SFU growth-rate, opportunity to hire);to promote women in all areas of university (has achieved current proportion of 30% women on faculty, established continuing committee on status of women in the university) despite criticism levelled against her of direct interference, not hearing what she wishes not to hear; to establish controversial minor programme in women's studies, major programming for night-school students, radical 'distance learning' degree programmes in centres throughout BC (now in planning stages). Problems raised by scattered learning centres: public preference for brick-and-mortar universities; difficulty freeing and uprooting SFU staff; possibility of teaching one discipline per location, rather than a bit of everything everywhere. Belief that in period of economic restraint the university should reexamine existing programmes, not simply halt growth; distinction between BC government's method of allocating funds, Ontario's formulaic system. Subject's previously held view that few women reach administrative level because men won't let them; friend's additional thesis that women, surfeited with detail-oriented administrative work in traditional domestic role, are frustrated by similar aspects of administration, desire something different, creative. Realisation that as SFU policies are realised,she too wiII need new outlets for interests, energies. Subject's plans for improving SFU graduate programming, developing new academic fields. Deliberate contrast with UBC programming; SFU programmes in new professional areas, e.g. criminology, natural resource management, contemporary rather than historical fields. Government review-board for interior programming plans; competition with UBC, U. of Victoria. SFU non-credit work in community education; short courses for labour groups to formally develop managerial skills, union negotiation abilities. Resurgence of subject's political adrenalin: crossroads between concern for SFU, concern for Canada. Reflections on how she has fulfilled presidential role; power to do good, personal influence over university; criticism engendered by firm adherence to policies, sometimes turning to surprised appreciation. Qualities essential to subject's job: policy objectives, ideas of where the university should be headed; managerial skills greater than subject's own (though these may be learned in practice); strong physical constitution, energy (in first year subject gave 82 off-campus public addresses in addition to regular work); tough hide combined with sensitivity, ability to deal well with criticism; ability to communicate, not only with students, faculty, but with labour as well. Lack of managerial mentality, troubled sympathy for low-paid female workers; dismay at being considered the enemy, misunderstood. Lack of formal occasions for addressing the student body as a whole; disappearance of SFU faculty club during democratic revolution of sixties; concern for SFU lack of social cement, traditions. Small number of SFU residents (7%). Concern since Quebec elections for national unity issue: sympathy with Quebecois need for cultural identity, freedom of self-expression; belief that Canada will hang together even if Quebec does separate; belief that Quebec would not separate if granted recognition, co-operative status. Desire to be represented in unity debate either as political party member or member of civic action group; politics as an addictive pursuit. Family background: parents' mild interest in politics; youthful distress over St. Catharines' poor; father as conscientious egalitarian on all issues; father's encouragement of subject to enter profession; subject's notion to enter public life, spawned at Queen's. Subject's ‘idea route' into politics: political science (largely political philosophy), philosophy minor at Queen's; ambition to practise criminal law, quashed because she was female. Notion of self as Liberal; federal support of Liberal party, provincial support of CCF, NDP; fascination for political theory; personal academic bent delaying practical political involvement through study-teaching years. Subject's delight in teaching; experience of transition from political teaching to active politics as easy, from politics to university atmosphere as quite hard. Academic career: Queen's MA '45; Radcliffe PhD course-work, teaching at Wellesley College, 1945-7; teaching at Queen's 1947-9. Harvard PhD thesis written in record one-year period, 1949; Queen's Marty Scholarship to study in England LSE and Oxford), 1950. Value of LSE - Oxford experience. Subject's term as Queen's trustee both during period as MP and later (uncustomarily) as faculty member at Carleton. Comparison of Queen's Board of Trustees (far-flung membership, occasional meetings) with SFU Board (local membership, day-to-day interest, monthly meetings). Brief affair with the pipe in attempt to give up cigarette-smoking. Switch of affiliation from Liberal Party to NDP (1971); absence of usual turncoat taunts, having switched to supposed loser. Decision to switch precipitated by War Measures Act scandal, Liberal lack of interest in foreign takeover of Canadian economy, lack of followup on Pearson control of campaign­expenditures/contributions report, ridiculous Family Income Supplement Programme (FISC) programme; preceding gradual recognition of personal conflict: mental vote cast with NDP, actual party vote with Liberal. Stanley Knowles' simple formula for deciding when to change parties. Subject's value-orientation rather than behaviorist orientation in academic political science debate; belief (though not an economic determinist) that policies, not personalities, shape history. TAPE TWO Founding of Canadian Research Institute for the Advancement of Women, 1976: notion that society needed not another women's pressure group but an institute backing scholarly research into women's experience. Subject as CRIAW President; fruitless hard work canvassing government for founding funds, despite proposed application to private sector for major research funds, plan that Institute be membership-based, eventually self-supporting. Government opposition, shabby treatment (misleading application advice) at hands of Minister responsible for Status of Women; suspicion that government took fright at Institute proposal to research whole area of women in relation to work. Institute-proposed country-wide, bilingual membership; aims to facilitate research, disseminate findings, encourage women financially etc. to pursue research; to establish social audit to monitor data used in decision-making process (often male-oriented); to launch retraining programmes for women. Refusal of funding application for few full-time members (though funds for annual meeting were provided); determination to apply again. Position on Board of Directors, Canadian Peace Research Institute, respect for dedicated peace researchers; Queen's current peace studies Scholar-in-Residence, Dr. Jo Vellacott. Position on Board of Directors, Association of Universities and Colleges in Canada, excited interest in future of university. Supervision of graduate theses, escape from administrative world to world of ideas; lecturing SFU Canadian Studies course. Policy shared by Queen's, SFU, that administrators should also teach; inability to teach on regular basis because of frequent distant travels. Board position, Canadian Civil Liberties Association; executive position, Committee for an Independent Canada. Queen's invaluable service to subject in helping her develop her own basic framework/foundation of political ideas, values; realisation at Harvard of first-class Queen's education in this respect, consequent ease of graduate study. Queen's dedication to public service, subject's desire to foster same at SFU. Father's influence in subject's choice of Queen's, motivated by egalitarian dislike of fraternities, sororities shared by subject. Athletic interests at Queen's; part-time title-searching for Cartwright law firm; intellectual interest not sparked till third year, then 'the world of ideas just came clattering down'. Influence of Jean Royce in altering subject's degree programme, future career; grueling switch to honours programme, seven courses plus thesis in final year. Encouragement from Alec Corry. Tough history-economics MA (Queen's), PhD scholarship (Harvard). Pressured awareness of belonging to female student minority, particularly in political science field; memory of employer's early advice, 'Don't set your heart on being a criminal lawyer (there are no women criminal lawyers)' in contrast with parental encouragement, 'There has to be a first'. Denial of government Privy Council Officer post (1950s) because she was female; interviewers' admission that she was best candidate. Maddening, exhausting, depressing work overcoming sexist caution in political campaign, endless voters' chorus, 'We've never had a woman'. Women careerists' current difficulties (Flora MacDonald); suspicion that despite enthusiastic SFU support, after her term university officials will again look for a male, having made their gesture, had their fling. Feminist sympathies, solidarity with women; gratitude of female faculty at Carleton for subject's example, encouragement, support. Concern that sense of feminist sisterhood, peaking in early 1970s, shouldn't fall off. Intellectual influence of Vibert Douglas. Contribution of residence Iife in mingling juniors, seniors. Criticism of Queen's as unprogressive, lack of leadership in vital areas such as recognition of women. Reputation of Queen's Business Administration School for encouraging women; Queen's reputation for encouraging women into engineering, applied sciences. Proposed SFU course, 'Women in Management'. Burgeoning of women post-graduate students; reflection that women may have missed the boat, that men regard PhD as ticket to a bread line, concentrate on MBAs instead.

File consists of a recording of Hilda Laird. Topics of the conversation include keen desire to attend Queen's; entrance following junior matriculation, uncertainty of goals. Laird family origins, relations with Queen's; Queen's connections with maritime provinces. Illness, father's death, preceding graduation; continued uncertainty of personal ambitions. Enthusiastic return to Queen's as Dean of Women, Lecturer in German (1925); mutual satisfaction of Deanship. Attraction to Queen's through family contacts; enjoyment of university life. Participation in Queen's Drama Guild as performer, executive; election to Levana presidency, not fulfilled after change in academic plans. Success as villain in An Ideal Husband; amusing mishap in dress rehearsal at mental institution; dramatic participation in Faculty Players; inspirational Drama coach Prof. Fallis. Absence of campus entertainments during WWI: student deprivation of normal amusements, usual happiness. Exodus of physically fit male students, 1914; Queen's contingent, Queen's Medical Corps. Experience of Armistice Day, New York, while suffering 'flu. Attendance Pratt Institute of Library Science, together with mother; illness; hard work. Library appointments in Bridgeport (Conn.), Yale; history of appointment (job prerequisites: French-speaking non-American graduate of American library school) to League of Nations Library, Geneva. Subject as first residential Dean of Women (Ban Righ), succeeding to Mrs. McNeill; previous residences run by Alumnae, not officially connected to university. Alumnae insistence on academic Dean, to inspire respect; opening in German Dept. (only now recovering from WWI antipathy) in otherwise tight university; teaching appointment of subject as fluent if unqualified German speaker. Intense application to work: no time for reflective insecurity. Chaotic unreadiness of Ban Righ for opening (1925); organisation of residence as subject's prime duty; priority given esprit de corps in initial difficult arrangements. Election of Women's Residence Council. Belle Eliott, first president of Ban Righ Hall: important cog in residence life, effective liaison between students and subject; pitiful staff resources at Ban Righ; capable bookkeeper, practical nurse Olive Spriggs, 'hydrant' to subject's 'lamp-post' figure.Inefficient weekly collection of residence fees, converted by subject to annual or term payments. Responsibility to parents for students' physical and moral well-being; use made of Spriggs' maternal aura for dealing with anxious parents. Arrangements for medical care, fire-escape precautions in Annexes. Dining protocol in residence, attractive settings; rotating student attendance at Dean's table for better mutual acquaintance. Social interaction amongst students on subject's floor. Adjustment to strict no smoking regulations; memorable comment, 'if the girls want to smoke they can go to the University of Toronto.' Complicated system of late leaves; chasing men out of residences at 11:00 pm. Smoking room established in basement during subject's time. Various origins of students (numerous excellent Ottawa students divided between U. of T. and Queen's, predating Carleton Univ.); absence of political sophistication among female students; varying levels of personal sophistication; residence as healthy educational experience, students gaining vastly from melting-pot surroundings. Subject's distress over limited career openings for women; counselling role, suggestion of library science alternative; absence of militant feminist protest, women's desire for wider opportunities not yet being felt as resentment. Playful relationship between male and female students, women as butt of practical jokes. Failure of men's strike action due to female students' abstention; women's growing experience of power unconnected with any notion of fighting for rights. Student pride in Levana Society as women's organisation; funding through share in AMS fees; Levana Society dances in Ban Righ Hall, imaginative decoration. 'Murder' hoax played on female students by male students. Belief that rule-forcing women to quit work upon marriage was introduced later, not an issue (also, women married later); lectures on opportunities for women, given by female professionals in various fields. Depression period as scarcely affecting university life; economic use of stationery supplies. Expansion, necessitating full-time people both in German Dept. and Deanship; subject's sacrifice of Dean's position (1934), appointment as Assist. Prof. of German following year of study (ultimate Ph.D) in German. Rising interest in German studies during and after WWII; highly successful German-Canadian student exchange programme, begun c.1932.//Appointment as Head of German Dept. (1948-62). Scarcity of female Heads of Dept.; subject as first woman on Queen's Senate. Contrasting concerns of subject, interviewer, as female representatives in male-dominated committees; subject's pride in self as pioneer, but disinterested attitude to participation; honest, expressive debate was all, sex not a factor. Feeling of acceptance, friendliness from male colleagues. Subject's continuing articulate frustration with interviewer's feminist political angle as inappropriate, misleading. Lack of conflict between public/private opinions in subject's career; self-assessed 'sincere' personality. Continuing interest in Queen's Review; lapsed subscription to Queen's journal through boredom with economic articles. Enjoyment of Ban Righ's 50th anniversary; refusal to attend 50th, 60th-graduation anniversaries. Position as honorary President of Toronto Queen's Alumni; splendid talks with former Ban Righ residents. Memberships in Canadian Association of University Teachers, Modern Languages As­ sociation; attendance MLA conventions. Extensive travels while young: 15 months European travel, aet.11; 2 years Geneva, marvellous connections through League of Nations associates; year's travel, 6 semesters study in Germany; interruption of PhD programme by WWII, later completion at Cornell. Semester in Marburg during 400th Anniversary of Reformation; studies in Munich c.1934; awareness of National Socialist atrocities, departure of professors, invalidation of thesis subject prompting desire to leave Germany. Four summers spent at Cornell during Ban Righ years. Happy sisterly relationship with mother, companionship on travels; satisfaction with return to Canada, Kingston, Queen's. Enjoyment of retirement home; satisfaction with arrangements, company, opportunities, nursing care.

File consists of a recording of Jean Love. Topics of the conversation include early ambition to nurse; choice of Queen's directed and promoted by parents. Queen's Nursing Science programme c. 1946, connection with Kingston General Hospital. Teenage obliviousness to WWI, later regret for unawareness of others' suffering. Muir House residence, 1946. Classes with ex-service engineering students, comparative interest of their 'what I did last summer' talks. Post-graduation work opportunities. Lack of burning social, political issues on campus; post-war ambition to settle down. Alcohol prohibition on campus. Tame initiation rites. Coldness of old-guard Kingston community towards university, better relations following establishment of Alcan, Dupont. Flexible design of Queen's nursing programme; student separation from university during training years. Levana Society. Divided nursing programme (1946) compared with present integrated programme. Jenny Weir. Work with VON, Kingston City Health Dept. Function of Public Health Nurses in schools then and now; rewarding experience identifying eye­ problems in schoolchildren. Part-time nursing career while raising children; clinical teaching, home visits with students; value of long working acquaintance with Kingston. Nursing hierarchy: current revision of roles and qualifications. Feelings of subject as faculty wife. Career development: Canada Health Survey in Kingston; cancer services in Frontenac County (Cancer Society, U. of T.), especially interesting and encouraging contact with cancer patients of long standing. Comparative contributions of public health nursing and hospital nursing. Comparison of student generations: today's youth more self-confident, articulate, experienced, but basically similar. Dislike of student drinking on street, foul language; observation that she has never disliked a student individually. Support of women's adventures into male­ dominated fields.//Expectation that with birth control, Zero Population Growth movement, more women will choose careers other than child-bearing. Status of nurses: attitude of professionals, public. Expanding VON home care programme, necessitated by government cutbacks in hospital funding. Subject's warm appreciation of Kingston, nursing profession, Queen's University.

File consists of a recording of Anne MacDermaid. Topics of the conversation include youthful appointment (1977) as Queen's University Archivist. Farm upbringing, schooling at Napanee CI . Choice of McGill University for undergraduate study (Montreal aunt's offer of free room and board); significance of aunt's generosity before era of magnificent scholarships; parents' moral support, inability to afford costs. Influence of high school teacher Jim Edie in fostering love of history. Undergraduate history major in McGill's newly-opened French­Canadian Studies Institute; history MA (supported by scholar­ ship, residence fellowship) at Carleton University's Institute of Canadian Studies. Specialization in pre-Confederation Canadian history: MA thesis on mutual influence of Church and rebels throughout rebellion in Lower Canada; fascination for conflict of interest suffered by disturbed Bishop Artigue in dealings with rebels (torn between conservative Church attitude and French Canadian sympathies). Fortunate timing of stages in career-marriage development: regular student existence during first year of marriage, seven years' working commitment before bearing first child; confident love of established career, seen as a context for motherhood not as a threat to it; 'natural' growth into senior position through previous Acting Archivist appointments. Sense that younger women now are rejecting careerism, opting for traditional domestic status. Two years' PhD coursework at University of Toronto, abandoned from sense of supersaturation with specialized study ('I could feel my brain starting to dry up'); desire to utilize training in a more vital way, suggestion by Professor Maurice Careless of professional archivism. Fortunate enrolment in archival summer course (co­-sponsored by Ottawa Public Archives, Carleton University, Canadian Historical Association); year's employment in Queen's Political Studies Department, organising Documentation Unit; 8-year position as Queen's Assistant Archivist, eventual appointment as Archivist. Theory that careerwoman profits most when tutored by successful male colleague; 8-year 'intensive internship' under former Archivist Jan Wilson; educational share in management decisions of four-person Archives Council. Factor of male's willingness to share in successful instructional relationship: likelihood of male staff person sharing most with female assistant, seen not as career threat but as stereotype 'hand­maiden'; recent shift among male professionals to sensing women as most threatening competitors. Professional objectivity/subjectivity as a factor of personality and training, not of sex. Employee commitment, loyalty, to Queen's Archives; shared focus on work, satisfaction in Archive successes; personal feeling of rewarding elation when things go well, challenge of problem-solving when trouble threatens. Dual responsibility of Archives to both donors and researchers; stimulating nature of different contacts. Administrative hint from Dr. Deutsch never to pause over a decision once made: work your best, then move on. Queen's as a non-possessive Archives; belief in accessibility of holdings. Comparison of man-to-man and woman-to-woman working relationships: wary mistrustfulness apparent in senior-junior male relationships, frank willingness to instruct common among women. Value of Hidden Voices oral history project; general meeting of Oral History Association of Canada; validity of oral history as complement to (not substitute for) written history. Tendency among teenage women of subject's acquaintance to early matrimony, purely domestic career; contrast of combined career-marriage arrangements of majority of subject's female peers (though employed in traditional female jobs, not necessarily employed at time of marriage). Archivism as development of historians' efforts, not librarians' (Canadian Public Archives predating National Library); dissimilar functions of librarian, archivist (to be good at one is not necessarily to be good at the other). Archivism as a 60% male profession, even today; archival origins in monastic record-keeping; convent record-keeping in Canada; female penchant for keeping diaries; interviewer's speculation how religious male and female record-keeping habits differed, subject's conjectures on role of Church hierarchy in imposing desired record-keeping forms.